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Table of Content

    28 June 2026, Volume 6 Issue 2
    Formalization Bias in Digital Humanities: Formation,Effects,and Methodological Reflection
    Zhao Haoyue
    2026, 6(2):  3-17. 
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    This article focuses on data structuring and algorithmic classification methods in digital humanities,examining how “formalization bias” is formed,how it operates,and what consequences it produces.It first distinguishes among three levels: formal logic,formal operations,and formalization bias.Formalization bias is defined as the tendency for material attributes that are codable,comparable,and visualizable to gain sustained priority in research design,evidence construction,and interpretive judgment. The article then analyzes the formation of formalization bias from three aspects: technical entry points,methodological compatibility,and incentives in knowledge production.Drawing on cases of text analysis and spatial analysis,it further explains how formalization bias functions as a structural mechanism that affects the boundaries of research objects,the weighting of evidence,and the organization of knowledge. The study argues that examining formalization bias helps reveal the selective mechanisms and interpretive boundaries through which digital methods participate in the production of humanistic knowledge.Methodological reflection in digital humanities should therefore further clarify the conditions of production,scope of applicability,and interpretive responsibility of digital outputs through approaches such as database structures that accommodate uncertainty,reflexive metadata,and transparency about failure.
    After “Close Reading”, How to “Distantly Read”? Methodological Implications of Data-Driven Linguistics for Literary Studies: An Interview with Professor Liu Haitao
    Liu Yongqiang, Chen Zixuan, Liu Haitao
    2026, 6(2):  18-26. 
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    In recent years,linguistics has progressively developed data-driven linguistics on the basis of quantitative linguistics,aiming to discover patterns and extract regularities from large-scale linguistic data.Can literary studies,with its long tradition of close reading,also move toward a data-driven approach? It is precisely with this question that this article interviews Professor Liu Haitao,a leading scholar of data-driven linguistics in China.Liu argues that literary studies need not shy away from discussing “patterns” and “regularities”; on the contrary,data-driven literary research is already an emerging trend.In the digital age,the key for literary studies is not to replace close reading with distant reading,but to reorganize the relationship between the two based on specific research questions.Against the backdrop of rapid advances in large language models,the significance of data-driven literary studies extends beyond methodological renewal to prompting humanists to rethink the relationships among text,data,knowledge,intelligence,and subjectivity.Accordingly,literary studies are facing not merely a simple technological turn,but a holistic transformation spanning concepts,materials,and methodologies.
    An On-Site Study of the Qin-Feng Post Route in Du Fu's MiscellaneousPoems of Qin Prefecture-Also on the Digitization of the Northernand Southern Post Routes from the Longyou Province tothe Capital in the Tang Dynasty
    Jian Jinsong, Liao Xuanming, Wang Yong, Huang Jinwen
    2026, 6(2):  27-78. 
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    The annotations Du Fu's poetry are voluminous and of high quality,which is a long -held consensus inacademic circles. However, traditional methods of annotating poetry do not meet the needs of modern scholarship. Re-garding Du Fu's Miscellaneous Poems of Qin Prefecture, specifically from the lines " Hesitantly I crossed Long with fear;Boundlessly I reached the Pass with sorrow," if you have knowledge of the Qin-Feng postal route from Fengxiang toQin Prefecture in the Tang Dynasty,you can assert that this poem was not written in Qin Prefecture, but rather in LongPrefecture of Fengxiang District, midway along the postal route. A large number of chapters in this set of poems ob-served from far the military affairs northwest of Qin Prefecture, with the original intention of worrying about the invasionof Tubo (Tibetan Empire). The underlying reason is that Qin Prefecture was the southem barrier of the postal routefrom Longyou Province toward the capital. This paper uses the on-site research method to digitize the Qin -Feng postalroute traveled by Du Fu,and provides explanations for important locations such as "Crossing Long," "Dazhen Pass,"and "Wu Mountain. " There were two postal routes, north and south, from Longyou Province entering the capital. Thenorthern route goes from Lanzhou through Yuan Prefecture,enters Xiao Pass to Chang an, and the souhern route goesfrom Lanzhou via Lin Prefecture,enters Qin Prefecture, and enters Dazhen Pass to Chang 'an. I have digitized the entireroute. This determined the specific route of the most important section of the Silk Road-from Xi'an to Lanzhou.
    How Does “Wen” Carry the “Dao”? A Knowledge-Graph-Based Study of the Transformation of the Guwen Movement
    Yan Liyuan
    2026, 6(2):  79-98. 
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    Based on multidimensional annotation and relational analysis of prose style,genre,and knowledge structure in 57,043 digitized texts by 226 Tang-Song authors from Quan Tangwen and Quan Songwen,this article finds that the Guwen Movement was not only a shift from parallel prose to plain prose,but also a reorganization of genre functions and modes of knowledge organization.The data show a relatively stable trend toward plain prose,the decline of fu,the rise of letters and argumentative genres,and a concentration of classical and historical discourse,indicating that Tang-Song literati gradually expanded the expressive forms of writing for statecraft. The guwen writers represented by the Tang-Song Eight Masters were especially inclined to organize classical and historical knowledge and articulate political and ethical judgments through plain prose,argumentative writing,prefaces,and letters.From the perspective of intellectual history,this transformation corresponds to Neo-Confucian attention to concrete affairs and the “wen-thingsDao” structure,showing that “writing to carry the Dao” increasingly turned toward a form of statecraft writing that intervened in reality and shaped thought through knowledge-based argumentation.
    The Evolution of Digital Humanities Research in Spanish-Speaking Regions(1998—2023):A Comparative Study with China
    Ma Xuanlin, Yang Zekun
    2026, 6(2):  99-115. 
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    Based on an overview of the history of digital humanities development in Spanish-speaking regions,this study systematically analyzes digital humanities papers published by researchers in major Spanish-speaking countries from 1998 to 2023 using bibliometric methods and large language modeling tools. It then compares these papers with those published in China to gain a deeper understanding of the characteristics and development paths of digital humanities research in the two regions.The study finds that digital humanities communities in the Spanish-speaking world exhibit close regional collaboration,focus on contemporary research subjects,and tend towards socio-cultural issues,with their development primarily driven by the humanities. In contrast,digital humanities research in China leans towards the digitization and intelligent application of humanities resources,primarily driven by cultural resources and technology.The development experiences of both regions offer valuable insights for understanding the diverse practical paths of digital humanities in developing countries.This study innovatively compares the development of digital humanities in non-English-speaking regions and introduces large language models to extract research subjects from papers,enhancing the methodological novelty of the literature review.
    Copyright Protection of Traditional Local Opera Databases from the Perspective of Digital Cultural Heritage Governance
    Zuo Ziyu
    2026, 6(2):  116-128. 
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    Traditional local operas are the crystallization of collective wisdom,and thus they possess the ethnic,inheritable and cultural characteristics of folklore.As one of the examples of dramatic works in copyright law,local operas should be interpreted as those that have met the legal requirements for the formation of works. A compilation of local opera data( a local opera database),as one of the representatives of digital cultural heritage,is a collection of data about local operas that either constitute works or do not. The prerequisite for it to be protected by copyright is that it constitutes a compilation work.Given that the local opera database also has the nature of folklore,the use of the local opera database may lead to disputes over ownership,utilization and benefit distribution.To improve the copyright protection of the local opera database and curb the erosion of the database on the public domain of copyright,it is advisable to refine the ownership and utilization rules of the database,and establish a collective management system and benefit-sharing mechanism for the database.By taking the copyright protection of local opera databases as a starting point,it is hoped to provide a legal foundation for the better governance of a wider range of digital cultural heritage.