数字人文研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (4): 30-.

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从数字典藏到数字人文——英国档案思维的重塑

  

  • 发布日期:2022-02-18

From Digital Archives to Digital Humanities: The Re-conceptualisation of English Archival Thinking

  • Published:2022-02-18

摘要: 对原始档案的考据精神建构了英国实证史学的悠久传统,也塑造英国史家的“档案洁癖”,虽快速推动现代数字典藏,但对史料原始性与精确性的高标准,导致学界对数字人文方法、数据与成果的可信度始终抱持怀疑态度,成为英国实现从数字典藏迈入数字人文所面临的严峻挑战之一。近年来,英国专题性量化数据库与数字人文项目的双重增长,显示英国学界俨然产生档案定位与思维范式的转变。档案从近代早期的阶层特权品,成为现代社会共建共享的公共记忆。档案思维也不再局限于实体史料,而拓展至辗碎提取抽象的数据,重组认知网络,实现“档案的再现”。这新趋势促成记忆机构与文化记忆模式的数字化转型,更重塑学术研究思维。英国自近代早期至现代的档案思维从实体史料到符号数据的转向,呈现出数字人文在英国学界的发展沿革与挑战。

关键词: 英国实证史学, 数字典藏, 数字人文, 集体记忆

Abstract: The reform of the Renaissance historiography, with more emphasis on primary sources, founded the English tradition of historical positivism, but provoked the compulsive obsession or anxiety for archives. The need of sustainable preservation and convenient access to collective memory, have promoted the quick development of digital archives. However, conventional scholarship never stops suspecting digital humanities of its methodologies and databases, consequently hampering the transformation of digital archives to digital humanities in Britain. This article will explore the challenge of digital humanities in the English historiography. It focuses particularly on the reconceptualization of English archives in terms of digital databases, as well as the reconstruction of memory institution and collective memory in the new digital age.

Key words: English historical positivism, digital archives, digital humanities, collective memory